Improving the Properties of Polypropylene Composites Containing ZnO/TiO2 Nanofillers for Outdoor Applications

Abstract

This study identifies C₂ (0.5% ZnO + 0.5% TiO₂) as the optimal composite formulation for producing weather-resistant materials suitable for outdoor medical, industrial, and agricultural applications. By incorporating zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles into polypropylene at varying concentrations (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%), and using melt extrusion to create four formulations (C₀, C₁, C₂, C₃), the material properties were systematically evaluated. C₀ contained pure polypropylene, while C₁, C₂, and C₃ incorporated different nanoparticle amounts. Techniques used for comprehensive characterization included SEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, TMA, contact angle measurement, Shore D hardness, and impact strength testing, along with antimicrobial activity assessment. Results showed that C₂ achieved superior hydrophobicity (contact angle of ~70.5°), nanoparticle dispersion, thermal stability, hardness (70.6 Shore D), impact resistance (12.109 kJ), and Sample C2 offers the best inhibition against Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 97%, while sample C3 demonstrates even better inhibition performance of 99% against Staphylococcus aureus. Thanks to these synergistic improvements, sample C2 is a practical choice for durable, weather-resistant polymer materials in outdoor, medical, and industrial applications.