Conflict of Interest Policy

The journal is committed to ensuring transparency, integrity, and ethical standards in all stages of the publication process. Authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial board members are required to disclose any financial, institutional, personal, or professional relationships that could influence, or be perceived to influence, their work or decisions.

Authors must declare any potential conflicts of interest at the time of manuscript submission, including sources of funding, affiliations, consultancies, patents, or financial support related to the submitted work. If no conflicts exist, authors should state: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”

Reviewers must inform the editorial office of any potential conflicts that may affect their ability to provide an objective evaluation and should decline the review process when appropriate.

Editors and editorial staff will avoid handling manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest related to the authors, institutions, or research topics. In such cases, the manuscript will be reassigned to another qualified editor to ensure an unbiased review process.

Failure to disclose relevant conflicts of interest may result in rejection, correction, or retraction of the published article when necessary.