Synergistic effect of Fusarium oxysporum, silver nanoparticles, and abiotic stress on secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Ipomoea batatas callus culture

Abstract

This research explores the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Fusarium oxysporum,  confired through UV- Vis spectrophotometry ( absorption peak at 437nm) and SEM  imaging. these AgNPs were applied as abiotic elicitors to stimulate the production of secondary stimulate the production of secondary metabolism in Ipomoea batatas callus culture. optimal callus formation was achieved using a combination of 2 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1 mg/l benzyleadenine (BA), Which produced of 1.5 g of callus with compact texture and white yelowish color. treatment with AgNPs  at concentrations  of 3- 5 mg/l resulted in substaintial increases in both fresh and dry callus weights compared to proline and control groups. high performance liquid chromatography  (HPLC) revealed  a significant enhances in flavonoid production, especially rutin, which reached 95.9 mg/l AgNPs. The analysis also identified an enhancement in other flavonoid compounds, such as quercetin and kaempferol demonstrating the effectiveness of AgNPs as elicitors for secondary metabolites production in plant tissue culture compared with intact plant and control.