Hydrological Analysis of Al-Razzaza Lake and its Surrounding Areas Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems

Abstract

 Al-Razzaza Lake is one of Iraq's most prominent water features, essential to the region's ecosystems and economies. Evaluation of the hydrology of the lake and its surrounding area by remote sensing and geographic information systems using digital elevation model (DEM) imagery is necessary. Due to the lake's difficulties, including climate change, agricultural activities, and human pressures, the hydrological analysis provides a valuable way to describe the physical properties of the Earth's surface. Twelve digital elevation model (STRM) images were used to cover the study area, and a mosaic was created to obtain a single image. A hydrological analysis was performed using DEM data, and projections were converted from geographic to metric projections. A quantitative analysis and model of water flow was performed. The waterways flowing into Al-Razzaza Lake were obtained from the study area's hydrological analysis, including their quantity, density, and connecting waterways. The steps of backfill excavation and calculation of flow direction and flow accumulation were guided by hydrological analysis.