Antioxidant and Hemolytic Effect of Magnesium Nanoparticles of Streptococcus thermophiles on Candida spp

Abstract

 Background: Nanoparticles are gaining popularity and driving innovative research that will play a crucial role in addressing pressing issues more quickly. Numerous techniques have been used to create different nanoparticles. Concurrently, this biosynthesis can be used to inhibit other harmful microorganisms in a safe and environmentally friendly manner. Subjects and Methods: Magnesium nanoparticles were biosynthesized by Streptococcus thermophiles bacteria extracellularly by adding magnesium oxide to the bacterial filtrate. The formed particles were detected by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antifungal efficacy of the formed nanoparticles was tested against two Candida species: C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. The antioxidant activity and hemolysis tests on red blood cells were also performed to assess their potential for use in biological treatment. Results: Streptococcus thermophiles bacteria formed magnesium nanoparticles, which were observed by the change in the color of the solution and the turbidity that occurred after an entire night. At a maximum surface plasmon response of 280 nm, the data verified the successful formation of crystallographically ordered, spherical, well-dispersed MgNPs. AFM revealed the particle's surface characteristics, with an average size of 75.98 nanometers. In contrast, XRD indicated the particles were crystalline, with a starting position of °2Th = 10.003 and an end position of °2Th = 80.0053. Magnesium nanoparticles showed antifungal activity against the two Candida species, C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, at the three concentrations (50, 100, and 200) μg/mL, with inhibition that increased with concentration. Our study also aimed to verify the effects of nanoparticles on free radical scavenging and hemolysis in human blood samples, and the results showed that scavenging free radicals was directly proportional to increasing concentrations of nanoparticles. In addition, there was no hemolysis of red blood cells at all when using human blood. Conclusion: Nanoparticles manufactured using microorganisms have overcome the drawbacks of chemical and physical methods, especially given the results they have achieved regarding their microbial inhibitory effect and safe use.