Correlations of Serum Pentosidine with other Biochemical Parameters in Iraqi Individuals with Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

Abstract

     Osteoporosis (OS) and osteopenia (OP) are systemic skeletal conditions characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to heightened fragility and an increased risk of fractures. Pentosidine (PTD), an advanced glycation end-product formed through the cross-linking of norleucine and ornithine residues, serves both as a biochemical marker and a cross-linking agent that plays a role in bone remodeling. This study aims to assess serum PTD levels in Iraqi patients with OP and OS and explore their correlation with various biochemical parameters. The study involved 121 participants divided into three groups: 42 with OS, 37 with OP, and 42 healthy controls. Blood samples were analyzed for PTD, vitamin D3, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and lipid profile levels. PTD and vitamin D3 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The findings showed significantly higher PTD levels in both OP and OS groups compared to the control group, which correlated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Additionally, patients in the OP and OS groups exhibited lower levels of calcium and vitamin D3, while magnesium and phosphorus levels showed no statistically significant differences. Lipid profile analysis indicated higher levels of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the OS group (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy of PTD in detecting OP and OS, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 1.000. These findings suggest that PTD may serve as a reliable and sensitive biomarker for the early detection and assessment of osteopenia and osteoporosis.