Role of Glutathione Peroxidase 1 and Sex Hormones in Iraqi Patients with Osteoporosis

Saleen Salam  Abdulhadi; Rana Kadhim  Mohammed

doi:10.24996/ijs.2026.67.9.13

Authors

Saleen Salam Abdulhadi Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Rana Kadhim Mohammed Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2026.67.9.13

Keywords:

Estradiol E2, Glutathione peroxidase 1, Osteoporosis, Oxidative stress, testosterone

Abstract

Osteoporosis is a bone disorder often linked to hormonal disturbance and oxidative stress. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) enzyme, along with sex hormones such as estradiol (E2) and testosterone, may play a role in bone metabolism and the development of osteoporosis. The current study aimed to evaluate the serum concentration of GPX1, E2, and testosterone hormones in addition to anthropometric measurements in patients with primary osteoporosis. The study included 210 individuals, including both osteoporosis patients and healthy controls. The levels of GPX1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and
testosterone and E2 were measured through an automated analyzer Cobas E 411 for both patients and healthy individuals. The serum levels of GPX1 were significantly lower in osteoporosis patients than in healthy controls. Similarly, E2 and testosterone levels were significantly lower in osteoporosis patients than in healthy controls.