Comparative Study of the Optical Emission Spectrum of TiO2 Mixed with Al2O3, and MgO, to Calculate the Plasma Parameters using the Boltzmann Plot Method

Abstract

     This research aims to apply laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to characterize plasmas generated in air at atmospheric pressure. In this study, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to analyze the plasma generated from TiO₂:MgO and TiO₂:Al₂O₃ mixtures using a Q-switched (Nd: YAG) laser at different powers in air. The Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening methods were employed to investigate the plasma parameters of the prepared targets, including electron temperature (T_e), electron density (n_e), Debye length (λ_D), plasma frequency (fp), and the number of particles in the Debye sphere (N_D). It was observed that the plasma parameter values ​​of the prepared targets increased with increasing laser beam energy. The calculated electron temperature of the prepared samples were in the range (1.883 to 2.128) eV for TiO₂:MgO and (1.654 to 1.701) eV for TiO₂:Al₂O₃, accompanied by electron densities ranging from (7.647 to 9.118)×10¹⁷ cm⁻³ for (TiO₂:MgO) and (2.632 to 3.683)×10¹⁷ cm⁻³ for (TiO₂:Al₂O₃) for laser energy range of ( 200– 400) mJ. Our findings indicate that laser energy influences all plasma parameters.