Evaluation of the Properties of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Prepared by the Green Method Using Phoenix dactylifera Extract

Zainab J.  Shanan; Huda M.J. Ali; Nisreen Kh.  Abdalameer

doi:10.24996/ijs.2024.65.12.16

Authors

Zainab J. Shanan Department of Physics, College of science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-5200
Huda M.J. Ali Department of Physics, College of science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Nisreen Kh. Abdalameer Department of Physics, College of science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.12.16

Keywords:

Iron oxide nanoparticles, Phoenix dactylifera extract, green approach, atomic force microscopy, scan electron microscopy

Abstract

Iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized via an eco-friendly green approach by adding Phoenix dactylifera extract to the aqueous solution of ferric chloride. The effect of annealing temperature (Ta) (100-150) °C on particle size was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to evaluate the produced nanoparticles. According to XRD spectra, the crystallite size of the samples was determined using the Scherrer formula. AFM and FE-SEM were used to determine surface morphology. A UV-Vis optical spectroscopic examination was carried out to determine the band gap energy of the iron oxide nanoparticles. It was found that with the increased temperature from 100 to 150 ^oC, the band gap energy of the produced Fe₃O₄ NPs decreased. The size of the produced particles increased with increasing temperature, as evidenced by AFM and XRD spectra.