Oscillation and Convergence of Solutions of Second Order Neutral Differential Equations with Periodic Coefficients

Authors

  • Adyar Kamel Neghmish Department of Mathematics, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Hussain Ali Mohamad Department of Mathematics, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-786X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2025.66.2.15

Keywords:

Oscillation, Neutral differential equations, Periodic coefficients, Second Order

Abstract

This research aims to study the behavior of solutions of second-order neutral differential equations with periodic coefficients. Some necessary and sufficient conditions have been obtained that classify all solutions of these equations into three categories: either oscillatory, non-oscillatory, and convergent to zero, or non-oscillatory and divergent. The extent to which periodic coefficients influence the occurrence of oscillation, convergence, or divergence for each solution has been explained. The equation under consideration contained a variable delay and a constant delays in which the coefficients are periodic. Not much previous research has discussed the oscillation of solutions of second-order neutral equations with periodic coefficients.  In each case, some illustrative examples have been provided that illustrate the ease of achieving the conditions for the obtained results.

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Published

2025-02-28

Issue

Section

Mathematics

How to Cite

Oscillation and Convergence of Solutions of Second Order Neutral Differential Equations with Periodic Coefficients. (2025). Iraqi Journal of Science, 66(2), 712-720. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2025.66.2.15

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