Ismael, Ali M., and huda abdulsatar. “The Impact of Fear and Prey Refuge on the Dynamics of the Food Web Involving Scavenger”. Iraqi Journal of Science 64, no. 4 (April 30, 2023). Accessed January 8, 2026. https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/view/7680.